Performance of a spaghetti calorimeter prototype with tungsten absorber and garnet crystal fibres

A spaghetti calorimeter (SPACAL) prototype with scintillating crystal fibres was assembled and tested with electron beams of energy from 1 to 5 GeV. The prototype comprised radiation-hard Cerium-doped Gd$_3$Al$_2$Ga$_3$O$_{12}$ (GAGG:Ce) and Y$_3$Al$_5$O$_{12}$ (YAG:Ce) embedded in a pure tungsten absorber. The energy resolution was studied as a function of the incidence angle of the beam and found to be of the order of $10\% / \sqrt{E} \oplus1\%$, in line with the LHCb Shashlik technology. The time resolution was measured with metal channel dynodes photomultipliers placed in contact with the fibres or coupled via a light guide, additionally testing an optical tape to glue the components. Time resolution of a few tens of picosecond was achieved for all the energies reaching down to (18.5 $\pm$ 0.2) ps at 5 GeV.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, published on NIM

Measurement of the very rare K+→π+ννˉK^+ \to \pi^+ \nu \bar\nu decay

The decay K+→π+νν¯ , with a very precisely predicted branching ratio of less than 10−10 , is among the best processes to reveal indirect effects of new physics. The NA62 experiment at CERN SPS is designed to study the K+→π+νν¯ decay and to measure its branching ratio using a decay-in-flight technique. NA62 took data in 2016, 2017 and 2018, reaching the sensitivity of the Standard Model for the K+→π+νν¯ decay by the analysis of the 2016 and 2017 data, and providing the most precise measurement of the branching ratio to date by the analysis of the 2018 data. This measurement is also used to set limits on BR(K+→π+X ), where X is a scalar or pseudo-scalar particle. The final result of the BR(K+→π+νν¯ ) measurement and its interpretation in terms of the K+→π+X decay from the analysis of the full 2016-2018 data set is presented, and future plans and prospects are reviewed

New limits on heavy neutrino from NA62

The NA62 experiment at CERN collected a large sample of charged kaon decays in ight with a minimum bias trigger in 2007. Upper limits on the rate of the charged kaon decay into a muon and a heavy neutral lepton (HNL) obtained from this data are reported for a range of HNL masses. The NA62 experiment has collected further data in 2015 with a completely new and improved detector. New limits on heavy neutrinos from kaon decays into electron and HNL will be presented

Система сцинтилляционных годоскопов эксперимента NA62

The system of scintillation hodoscopes for the "Kaon Factory" (NA62) experiment at CERN was developed, created and successfully operating with the active participation of the group from NRC "Kurchatov Institute" - IHEP (Protvino). The system consists of four independent sub-detectors, which are located in different zones in the experimental hall and are designed using different technologies: with scintillation tiles read by wave-shifting fibers, as well as using a short light guide or an air gap with dimming. SiPMs or PMTs are used as photodetectors. Each detector is designed for a specific functionality and specific requirements. \par The NA62 experiment is designed to operate with a high intensity (750~MHz) slow-extracted beam from SPS. Therefore, the main requirement for all the sub-detectors of the NA62 apparatus is a good time resolution. This thesis work describes in detail the different stages of R&D, simulation and tests of the individual counters for CHOD and ANTI-0 hodoscopes. With description of the experimental setups and methods to study the characteristics of counters. The studies were carried out both with the use of cosmic rays and using the extracted beams of charged particles from the following accelerators: U70~ (Protvino), PS and SPS(CERN) and DESY(Hamburg). The results of efficiency studies of the CHOD prototype in the pilot run in 2015, and then of the full-sized detector in the run1~(2016-2018) obtained using the reconstructed $K^+\to \mu^+\nu_{\mu}$ decays

Neuroblastoma Origin and Therapeutic Targets for Immunotherapy

Neuroblastoma is a pediatric solid cancer of heterogeneous clinical behavior. The unique features of this type of cancer frequently hamper the process of determining clinical presentation and predicting therapy effectiveness. The tumor can spontaneously regress without treatment or actively develop and give rise to metastases despite aggressive multimodal therapy. In recent years, immunotherapy has become one of the most promising approaches to the treatment of neuroblastoma. Still, only one drug for targeted immunotherapy of neuroblastoma, chimeric monoclonal GD2-specific antibodies, is used in the clinic today, and its application has significant limitations. In this regard, the development of effective and safe GD2-targeted immunotherapies and analysis of other potential molecular targets for the treatment of neuroblastoma represents an important and topical task. The review summarizes biological characteristics of the origin and development of neuroblastoma and outlines molecular markers of neuroblastoma and modern immunotherapy approaches directed towards these markers

The Conception of Implementation of Environmental Indicators Program into the System of Regional Management

The article discusses the necessity of integrating the environmental indicators into the system of regional management, analyzes the global and Russian experience in the application of sustainable development indicators. The author suggests control indicators of air, water, soil, biological resources, which give the characteristics of the ecological status of territory. The author also proposes the atmospheric air condition assessment system by volume of harmful emissions and greenhouse gases. Surface water is estimated by volume of fresh water withdrawn and wastewater discharge. Quality soil and its degradation are estimated to yield crops, the progress of erosion processes, deflation, and the use of marginal lands. Biological diversity is characterized by the number of species and the area of protected sites. The main purpose of the program is the development and implementation approach to coordinating the actions of regional management structures aimed at achieving sustainable development priorities, through the execution of the specified environmental indicators for the region. The program focuses on the sources of funding for environmental activities and final evaluation of the program on the environmental, economic and social aspects